Brian Hales
Chronic Renal Failure (CRF) is the most common public health Ionizing radiation causes radiation nephropathy, which is kidney damage. Ionizing radiation is utilized in radiotherapy in a therapeutic context (RT). Normal-tissue damage, especially kidney toxicity, limits the use and intensity of radiation treatment. Distinct RT entities have different limits for renal toxicity. Vascular, glomerular, and tubulointerstitial damage are histopathologic hallmarks of RN. The molecular and cellular pathomechanisms that cause RN are not completely understood. Ionizing radiation produces DNA double-strand breaks, which leads to cell death in renal endothelial, tubular, and glomerular cells, including apoptosis and necrosis. Drugs that minimise oxidative stress and renal fibrosis or attenuate cell death and inflammation were evaluated. Blocking the renin– angiotensin–aldosterone system, anti-apoptotic medications, statins, and antioxidants have all been reported to help patients with RN. These findings support the development of innovative ways to prevent or mitigate radiationinduced kidney damage